含油(you)废水(shui)主(zhu)要(yao)来源于(yu)石(shi)油(you)、石(shi)油(you)化工、钢铁(tie)、焦化、煤气发生站、机(ji)械(xie)加工等工业部门。废水(shui)中油(you)类污染物质，除重焦油(you)的相对密度为1．1以上外(wai)，其(qi)余的相对密度都小于(yu)1。

　　含油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)废(fei)(fei)(fei)水(shui)中(zhong)(zhong)所含的(de)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)类物(wu)质(zhi)，包括(kuo)天然石(shi)(shi)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)、石(shi)(shi)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)产(chan)品、焦(jiao)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)及其分馏物(wu)，以(yi)(yi)及食用(yong)动植物(wu)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)和脂肪类。从对水(shui)体的(de)污染来说(shuo)，主要是石(shi)(shi)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)和焦(jiao)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)。由(you)于(yu)不同(tong)工(gong)业(ye)部(bu)门排出的(de)废(fei)(fei)(fei)水(shui)中(zhong)(zhong)含油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)浓度差异(yi)很大，如炼油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)过程中(zhong)(zhong)产(chan)生(sheng)废(fei)(fei)(fei)水(shui)，含油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)量(liang)约(yue)为(wei)150一1000mg/L，焦(jiao)化(hua)废(fei)(fei)(fei)水(shui)中(zhong)(zhong)焦(jiao)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)含量(liang)约(yue)为(wei)500一800mg/L，煤气发生(sheng)站排出废(fei)(fei)(fei)水(shui)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)焦(jiao)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)含量(liang)可达2000一3000mg/L。因(yin)此，含油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)废(fei)(fei)(fei)水(shui)的(de)治理(li)应(ying)首先利用(yong)隔油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)池，回收浮油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)或(huo)重(zhong)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)，处理(li)效率为(wei)60%一80%，出水(shui)中(zhong)(zhong)含油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)量(liang)约(yue)为(wei)100一200mg/L；废(fei)(fei)(fei)水(shui)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)乳(ru)化(hua)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)和分散油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)较难处理(li)，故应(ying)防止(zhi)或(huo)减轻(qing)乳(ru)化(hua)现象。方(fang)法(fa)之(zhi)*，是在生(sheng)产(chan)过程中(zhong)(zhong)注意减轻(qing)废(fei)(fei)(fei)水(shui)中(zhong)(zhong)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)的(de)乳(ru)化(hua)；其二(er)，是在处理(li)过程中(zhong)(zhong)，尽量(liang)减少用(yong)泵提升废(fei)(fei)(fei)水(shui)的(de)次数、以(yi)(yi)免增加乳(ru)化(hua)程度。处理(li)方(fang)法(fa)通常采用(yong)气浮法(fa)和破乳(ru)法(fa)。

　　含油废水(shui)如果(guo)不加(jia)以回(hui)收处理，会(hui)造成浪(lang)费；排入河流、湖泊(bo)或海湾(wan),会(hui)污染水(shui)体,影(ying)响水(shui)生生物生存；用于农业灌溉，则会(hui)堵(du)塞土(tu)壤空隙，妨碍农作物生长。

　　含(han)油(you)(you)(you)废(fei)(fei)水(shui)的处(chu)理应首(shou)先(xian)考(kao)虑回收油(you)(you)(you)类物质，并充分(fen)利(li)(li)用(yong)经过处(chu)理的水(shui)资源。因此，含(han)油(you)(you)(you)废(fei)(fei)水(shui)的处(chu)理可首(shou)先(xian)利(li)(li)用(yong)隔(ge)油(you)(you)(you)池(chi)，回收浮油(you)(you)(you)或重油(you)(you)(you)。隔(ge)油(you)(you)(you)池(chi)适用(yong)于(yu)分(fen)离废(fei)(fei)水(shui)中颗粒较大的油(you)(you)(you)品，处(chu)理效率为60～80%，出水(shui)中含(han)油(you)(you)(you)量约为100～200毫克(ke)/升。